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1名無しより愛をこめて
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Known throughout the world, the works of William Shakespeare have been performed in countless hamlets,
villages, cities and metropolises for more than 400 years. And yet, the personal history of William Shakespeare is somewhat a mystery.
There are two primary sources that provide historians with a basic outline of his life. One source is his work ?
the plays, poems and sonnets ? and the other is official documentation such as church and court records.
However, these only provide brief sketches of specific events in his life and provide little on the person who experienced those events.

While it’s difficult to determine the exact chronology of William Shakespeare’s plays,
over the course of two decades, from about 1590 to 1613, he wrote a total of 37 plays revolving around several main themes: histories,
tragedies, comedies and tragicomedies.

With the exception of the tragic love story Romeo and Juliet, William Shakespeare's first plays were mostly histories. Henry VI (Parts I, II and III), Richard II and Henry
V dramatize the destructive results of weak or corrupt rulers, and have been interpreted by drama historians as Shakespeare's way of justifying the origins of the Tudor Dynasty. Julius
Caesar portrays upheaval in Roman politics that may have resonated with viewers at a time when England’s
aging monarch, Queen Elizabeth I, had no legitimate heir, thus creating the potential for future power struggles

Quick Facts
NameWilliam ShakespeareOccupationPlaywright, PoetBirth Datec. April 23, 1564Death DateApril 23, 1616Did You Know?By the early 1590s, William Shakespeare was a managing partner in the Lord Chamberlain's
Men, a popular theater company.Did You Know?In 1599 Shakespeare and his business partners started their own theater company called the Globe.Did You Know?Some historians have questioned whether
Bard"
Who Was William Shakespeare?
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“The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool.”


William Shakespeare, also known as the "Bard of Avon," is often called England's national poet and considered the greatest dramatist of all time. Shakespeare's works are known throughout the world, but his personal life is shrouded in mystery.

Who Was William Shakespeare?

William Shakespeare (baptized on April 26, 1564 to April 23, 1616) was an English playwright, actor and poet also known as the “Bard of Avon” and often called England’s national poet. Born in Stratford-upon-Avon,
England, he was an important member of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men company of theatrical players from roughly 1594 onward. Written records give little indication of the way in which Shakespeare’s professional life molded his artistry.
All that can be deduced is that, in his 20 years as a playwright,
Known throughout the world, the works of William Shakespeare have been performed in countless hamlets, villages, cities and 👀
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Scant records exist of William's childhood, and virtually none regarding his education. Scholars have surmised that he most likely attended the King's New School, in Stratford, which taught reading, writing and the classics.
Being a public official's child, William would have undoubtedly qualified for free tuition.
But this uncertainty regarding his education has led some to raise questions about the authorship of his work and even about whether or not William Shakespeare ever existed.

There are seven years of William Shakespeare's life where no records exist after the birth of his twins in 1585. Scholars call this period the "lost years," and there is wide speculation on what he was doing during this period.
One theory is that he might have gone into hiding for poaching game from the local landlord, Sir Thomas Lucy. Another possibility is that he might have been working as an assistant schoolmaster in Lancashire.
It is generally believed he arrived in London in the mid- to late 1580s and may have found work as a horse attendant at some of London's finer theaters, a scenario updated centuries later by the countless aspiring actors and playwrights in Hollywood and Broadway.

By 1592, there is evidence William Shakespeare earned a living as an actor and a playwright in London and possibly had several plays produced. The September 20, 1592 edition of the Stationers'
Register (a guild publication) includes an article by London playwright Robert Greene that takes a few jabs at William Shakespeare: "...There is an upstart Crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his
Tiger's heart wrapped in a Player's hide, supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse as the best of you: and being an absolute Johannes factotum, is in his own conceit the only Shake-scene in a country," Greene wrote of Shakespeare.
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Scholars differ on the interpretation of this criticism, but most agree that it was Greene's way of saying Shakespeare was reaching above his rank, trying to match better known and educated playwrights like Christopher Marlowe,
Thomas Nashe or Greene himself.

Early in his career, Shakespeare was able to attract the attention of Henry Wriothesley, the
Earl of Southampton, to whom he dedicated his first- and second-published poems: "Venus and Adonis" (1593) and "The Rape of Lucrece" (1594).

By 1597, Shakespeare had already written and published 15 of his 37 plays. Civil records show that at
this time he purchased the second largest house in Stratford, called New House, for his family. It was a four-day ride by horse from Stratford to London, so it is believed that Shakespeare spent
most of his time in the city writing and acting and came home once a year during the 40-day Lenten period, when the theaters were closed
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By 1599, William Shakespeare and his business partners built their own theater on the south bank of the Thames River, which they called the Globe. In 1605, Shakespeare purchased leases of real estate near Stratford for 440 pounds,

which doubled in value and earned him 60 pounds a year. This made him an entrepreneur as well as an artist, and scholars believe these investments gave him the time to write his plays uninterrupted.

William Shakespeare's early plays were written
in the conventional style of the day, with elaborate metaphors and rhetorical

phrases that didn't always align naturally with the story's plot or characters. However, Shakespeare was very innovative, adapting the traditional style to his own purposes and creating a freer flow of words.
With only small degrees of variation,
Shakespeare primarily used a metrical pattern consisting of lines of unrhymed iambic pentameter, or blank verse, to compose his plays.
At the same time, there are passages in all the plays that deviate from this and use forms of poetry or simple prose.

In his will, he left the bulk of his possessions to his eldest daughter, Susanna.

Though entitled to a third of his estate, little seems to have gone to his wife,

Anne, whom he bequeathed his "second-best bed." This has drawn speculation that she had fallen out of favor, or that the couple was not close. However, there is very little evidence the two had a difficult marriage.

Other scholars note that the term "second-best bed" often refers to the bed belonging

to the household's master and mistress ? the marital bed ? and the "first-best bed" was reserved for guests.



About 150 years after his death, questions arose about the authorship of William Shakespeare's plays.

Scholars and literary critics began to float names like Christopher Marlowe, Edward de Vere and Francis Bacon ?

men of more known backgrounds, literary accreditation, or inspiration ?

as the true authors of the plays. Much of this stemmed from the sketchy details of Shakespeare's life and the dearth of contemporary primary sources.

Official records from the Holy Trinity Church and the speare had neither the education nor the literary training to write such eloquent prose and create such rich characters.
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